The National GEM Consortium
This is the rationale for my proposal to study the Collège Royal, a pivotal institution of the French academic system, which was based by François 1er in 1530. I suggest, at first, a short survey of a century of arithmetic on the Collège, to determine the place of astronomy within the instructing, and, secondly, I study how the Collège Royalwas influenced by the primary transformations of the discipline. My conclusion is that though the Collègemay at first seem like a quite conservative institution, upon nearer examination this view must be partly revised. In the early Nineties Harvard University required completion of a highschool course in physics for admission.
Science has become an essential part in the K–12 curriculum in American faculties–however much less so than studying and arithmetic. At the end of the 20th century studying and mathematics obtained extra consideration, authorities support, and focus for testing. It was assumed that reading and arithmetic have to be mastered first and that these abilities had been essential earlier than the research of science and social research.
High college science classes turned gatekeeper courses for faculty admission–a state of affairs that turned out to be a continuing problem for science in colleges and for the preparation of science lecturers. Early within the 1800s science lecturers sometimes had no formal preparation; usually they have been laypersons educating such programs as navigation, surveying, and agriculture in the first high faculties. By 1870, with the emergence of the first teacher training faculties, some science academics … Read More